BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared:
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)²
In imperial units: BMI = (weight in pounds × 703) / (height in inches)²
BMI was developed by Adolphe Quetelet in the 19th century as a population-level statistical tool, not a diagnostic instrument. Despite its widespread use, it has significant limitations at the individual level.